File Sharing: Client-Server Downloading vs. P2P Sharing

I’m sure you have downloaded something off the web but do you know the process?  When you download something, your computer, the client, tells the server (computer that holds the web page and file) to transfer a copy of the file to your computer.  This transfer goes through a protocol, or set of rules. The transfer speed is affected by the type of protocol (FTP or HTTP), amount of traffic on server, and number of other users downloading the file.  How does this traditional client-server download contrast with peer-to-peer sharing?

In peer-to-peer sharing, you use a software program, such as BitTorrent.  BitTorrent downloads torrents, which are files that point to the computer with the desired file. BitTorrent sends a request for the file by communicating with a tracker (central server with the file) to locate other computers connected to the internet.  The tracker finds a swarm, or a group of connected computers that are file sharing.  Once BitTorrent finds a seeder, or a computer that has the complete file, it will start downloading the file.   Basically, you are downloading small bits of files from different sources at the same time.   Once you finish downloading, you will become a seeder and help others download the file. 

BitTorrent is sometimes used for distributing copyrighted material but the program is still legal.  If you choose to download any copyrighted material, you are at risk of being caught, since the download can be traced back to you.  Be careful and happy downloading!